Federation Commander

One could limit it in specific scenario rules. For example, if the planet has environmental domes, they would need to open a hatch to let the shuttles launch, much like a ship opening the shuttle bay hanger doors.

Please let me try this again. I conflated ground-based fighter stations and all ground-based stations.

So, ground-based stations have the same shuttle/fighter launch rate as ships do, unless otherwise stated in the base's description. (Or, as Garth points out, overridden in the scenario rules.)

As a general statement, ground-based stations that are primarily present to support fighters will be able to launch and/or land all shuttle fighters in a single impulse because the "hangar" is out in the open. But, any ground-based station that has the hangar enclosed will use the general ship-oriented launch rates.

Sorry about the mistake.